The Spanish Inquisition was established in 1478 and marked a significant development in the history of Castile. It was initiated by King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile with papal approval.
The primary purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to maintain religious orthodoxy and root out heresy, particularly among conversos (Jews and Muslims who converted to Christianity) and their descendants. It aimed to unify Spain under Catholicism and strengthen royal authority.
The Spanish Inquisition: Established in 1478
The Spanish Inquisition operated through a network of tribunals tasked with investigating and prosecuting individuals suspected of heresy or religious deviation. These tribunals had broad powers, including the ability to arrest, interrogate, and punish suspects.
The Spanish Inquisition notably employed torture to extract confessions from accused individuals. This included methods like the strappado, waterboarding, and the rack to obtain information and enforce religious conformity.
Furthermore, the repercussions of being accused of heresy were dire. Those convicted faced severe penalties such as property confiscation, imprisonment, torture, or even execution by burning at the stake. Consequently, the fear of persecution loomed large, compelling many to adhere strictly to religious orthodoxy.
The Spanish Inquisition had far-reaching social and cultural implications for Castile. It created an atmosphere of fear and suspicion, leading to widespread paranoia and denunciations within communities.
Moreover, the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition contributed to the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain. The Edict of Expulsion issued in 1492 mandated the departure of Jews who refused to convert to Christianity, leading to the forced exodus of thousands from the Iberian Peninsula.